Style Databases. To use these databases off-campus, you will need to enter your Multipass username and password when you click on the link. Style Research Guides. Visit the Purdue Owl. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Citing Aristotle Using Bekker Numbers In citing works by Aristotle scholars traditionally use a number system developed especially for this known as Bekker Numbers.
Bekker Edition of Aristotle's Works Just in case you are a curious overachiever, directly below are links to each of the five volumes of the Bekker edition of Aristotle's Works. More on Citation There are numerous formats that can be used to cite sources. The current version is the 6th edition. Chicago Manual of Style - Used in many disciplines. The current version is the 17th edition. The current version is the 8th edition. Paraphrasing and Summarizing In writing papers, you will often want to use exact quotes, especially when you cannot improve upon an author's original way of stating an idea.
Translated by W. Oxford: Clarendon, , Internet Classics Archive, n. For further examples of how to reference electronic editions of older works, please follow the link below. Was this helpful? Yes 1 No 6. University Library AskUs.
Warning: Your browser has javascript disabled. Subsequent citations would be abbreviated to read, for example:. The second reason classical texts are cited differently is because early editors or translators of these works imposed on them an organizational structure that differed from that of the author's. These later organizing principles were then adopted by subsequent editors until referencing these works by these later principles became standard.
This is especially true of ancient classical texts. For example, it is now standard to cite Plato by what are called the "Stephanus" numbers which run down the margin of a good edition of Plato's works. For example, citations from Plato's dialogue Euthyphro would look like this:. According to your argument, is it not loved by all the gods? Subsequent citations would simply read:. Find this useful? Your e-mail address Subscribe Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter!
Share this article: Link to facebook Link to linkedin Link to twitter. Sign up for our newsletter. Comments 6. I have scoured the internet to find out how to cite a passage from Plato's Republic. I have seen a quote that I want to use, but since I can't it in the work I can't be sure it is correct. It is "A need or problem encourages creative efforts to meet the need or to solve the problem.
Hi, Melissa. Steyn Verster. Hi there - do you have any advice on how to cite Socrates? Hi, Steyn. Socrates didn't leave any written works, so there is unfortunately nothing to cite.
He is typically cited via Plato, whose dialogues feature Socrates and his thought prominently.
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